*”Augustin-Jean Fresnel (1788-1827), was a French Civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory of light…he is perhaps better known for inventing the reflective/refractive Fresnel lens…

…and for pioneering the use of “stepped” lenses to extend the visibility of lighthouses….”

This Fresnel lens saved countless sailors while in the crown of the North Head Lighthouse. It can be seen at the Lewis & Clark Interpretive Center, Cape Disappointment State Park, Ilwaco, WA – USA.

Looking west across the Pacific Ocean, from the top of North Head Lighthouse.










This December was my turn to have the holiday gathering. Coming as it did, after the midterm election (the results of which I continue to celebrate), I am pleased that our tradition of civility and good cheer endures. 



























